Publications

Small-Scale CST for Industrial Heat: Performance and Uncertainty Analysis of Parabolic Troughs on Urban Brownfields
K. Liaqat, and L. Schaefer
Solar Energy, 2025. (Under Review)
A Comprehensive Review of Characterizing CO₂-Brine Interfacial Tension in Saline Aquifers using Machine Learning
MS Hassan, K. Liaqat, and L. Schaefer
Environmental Science: Advances, 2025. DOI: 10.1039/D5VA00163C
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel CSP and sCO₂-Based System for Waste Heat Recovery in Gas Turbine Power Plants
K. Liaqat, W Stein, and L. Schaefer
ASME International Energy Sustainability Conference, 2025. (Accepted)
Feasibility Analysis of Implementing Small-Scale CSP System for Industrial Process Heat on Urban Brownfields
K. Liaqat, G Schulke, and L. Schaefer
ASME International Energy Sustainability Conference, 2025. (Accepted)
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Solar Thermal-Boosted Organic Rankine Cycle System for Data Center Heat Recovery
K. Liaqat, and L. Schaefer
Solar Energy, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113893
Predicting the interfacial tension of CO2 and NaCl aqueous solution with machine learning
K. Liaqat, D. Preston, and L. Schaefer
Scientific Reports, 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-10274-w
Energy Efficiency in Data Centers: Solar Thermal-Boosted Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Utilization
K. Liaqat, and L. Schaefer
12th IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech 2025), 2025. DOI: 10.1109/SusTech63138.2025.11025721
Low-Grade Heat Utilization: Techno-Economic Assessment of a Hybrid CO₂ Heat Pump and Organic Rankine Cycle System Integrated with Photovoltaics and Thermal Storage
K. Liaqat, S Soleimani, and L. Schaefer
Applied Thermal Engineering , 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125959
Sustainable Heating: Operational Optimization of a CO₂ Heat Pump Integrated with Renewable Energy and Thermal Storage for Waste Heat Utilization
S Soleimani, K. Liaqat, and L. Schaefer
SSRN (Preprint) , 2024. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4803472
Adarmer: An Adaptive Transformer for Direct Normal Irradiance Forecasting
MS Hassan, K. Liaqat, and L. Schaefer
International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) , 2024. DOI: 10.1109/ICMLA61862.2024.00036
Modern Deep Neural Networks for Direct Normal Irradiance Forecasting: A Classification Approach
MS Hassan, K. Liaqat, L. Schaefer, and A. Zolan
e-Prime – Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy , 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100853
From Waste to Resource: A Techno-Economic Evaluation of a CO₂ Heat Pump and ORC Combined System with Photovoltaic Integration and Thermal Storage
K. Liaqat, S Soleimani, S Leibowitz, J Temming, H Kösters, and L. Schaefer
ASME International Energy Sustainability Conference , 2024. DOI: 10.1115/ES2024-130180
The Optimal Operation of a District Heating System using a PV-Assisted CO₂ Heat Pump and Thermal Energy Storage
S Soleimani, K. Liaqat, J Temming, H Kösters, and L. Schaefer
ASME International Energy Sustainability Conference , 2024. DOI: 10.1115/ES2024-130332
Enhancing CO₂ Water-to-Water Heat Pump Performance Through the Application of a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
S Soleimani, L. Schaefer, K. Liaqat, A Cole, J Temming, and H Kösters
ASME Journal of Energy Resources Technology , 2024. DOI: 10.1115/1.4064657
An Optimization Study of CO₂ Heat Pump Water Heaters Using NSGA-II
S Soleimani, L. Schaefer, K. Liaqat, A Cole, J Temming, and H Kösters
ASME International Energy Sustainability Conference , 2023. DOI: 10.1115/ES2023-107445
Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a 150-MW Hybrid CSP-PV Plant
K. Liaqat, J Ordonez, L. Schaefer, and A Zolan
10th IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech 2023) , 2023. DOI: 10.1109/SusTech57309.2023.10129553
Design and Optimization of CSP Power Plants for Pakistan: A Comparative Study
K. Liaqat, and J Ordonez
Clean Energy , 2023. DOI: 10.1093/ce/zkad018
Performance Assessment of Pakistani Central Receiver Plant Case Study Using Aimpoint Strategy Optimization Tools
K. Liaqat, A Zolan, and J Ordonez
27th SolarPACES (Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems) Conference , 2021. DOI: 10.1063/5.0148516
Solar Field Layout and Aimpoint Strategy Optimization
A Zolan, W Hamilton, M Wagner, and K. Liaqat
National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), Golden, CO (United States) , 2021. DOI: 10.2172/1813972
Molten Salt Based Nanofluids for Solar Thermal Power Plant: A Case Study
K. Liaqat, and J Ordonez
8th IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech 2021) , 2021. DOI: 10.1109/SusTech51236.2021.9467470
Heliostat Aimpoint and Layout Optimization Software (HALOS)
A Zolan, W Hamilton, K. Liaqat, and M Wagner
National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), Golden, CO (United States) , 2021. DOI: 10.11578/dc.20210616.1 . Public repository: github.com/NREL/HALOS
Modeling, Optimization, and Software Development for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plants
K. Liaqat
Masters Thesis, Florida State University, United States, 2021.
Design and Simulation of Molten Salt Based Solar Thermal Power Plant using LFR Technology in Pakistan
K. Liaqat, A. Ali, and A. N. Mengal
International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering , 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ICECUBE.2018.8610990
Modeling and Simulation of a 100 MW Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Plant Using Parabolic Trough Collectors in Pakistan
K. Liaqat, M Anss, A Ali, and A Nawaz Mengal
International Conference on Advances in Engineering Technologies , 2018. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/414/1/012032